Prostate cancer is the most common visceral neoplasm diagnosed in the United States and has gained significant public awareness over the past 20 years as a result of the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening test. Though there is potentially wide variability in presentation, most patients are diagnosed with organ-confined disease. Treatments for localized prostate cancer include surgery, radiation, and active surveillance. One of the newer surgical modalities is robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, which has shown promise in improving cancer control and reducing the morbidity commonly associated with open radical prostatectomy. This article will discuss screening and treatment options for localized prostate cancer, with special focus on robotic prostatectomy and its advantages.