Incretin-based therapies: a new potential treatment approach to overcome clinical inertia in type 2 diabetes

Acta Biomed. 2008 Dec;79(3):184-91.

Abstract

Maintaining an adequate metabolic control is still a challenge in many patients with type 2 diabetes. Among the many factors advocated to explain the failure to achieve recommended goals, clinical inertia is increasingly recognised as a primary cause of poor glycaemic control. The existence of a "metabolic memory" strongly supports the adoption of a more aggressive treat-to-target approach, instead of waiting for treatment failure. This approach may be particularly important in the initial phases of the disease, to slow the progressive decline of beta-cell function and improve overall outcomes. The fear of hypoglycaemia and weight gain associated with most of the available treatments are among the main causes of clinical inertia, and strongly affect the attitudes of providers and patients toward therapy intensification. The incretin-based therapies represent a new potential goal-oriented treatment approach. Two classes of incretin-based drugs have been developed: GLP-1 mimetics (exenatide and liraglutide) and DPP-IV inhibitors (sitagliptin and vildagliptin). Incretino-mimetics have a peculiar mechanism of action that is associated with lack of hypoglycaemia and weight loss or neutrality; these characteristics may facilitate therapy intensification and help to attain established goals. Furthermore, they can induce benefits in terms of post-prandial hyperglicemia control and beta-cell function preservation. An early use of this class of drugs may show a positive impact on the disease progression and a delay in the need of insulin injections.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Adamantane / administration & dosage
  • Adamantane / analogs & derivatives
  • Adamantane / therapeutic use
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / drug therapy*
  • Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / administration & dosage
  • Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors / therapeutic use
  • Exenatide
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / administration & dosage
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / analogs & derivatives
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / therapeutic use
  • Glycated Hemoglobin / analysis
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemia / chemically induced
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / administration & dosage
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / adverse effects
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use*
  • Incretins / administration & dosage
  • Incretins / physiology
  • Incretins / therapeutic use*
  • Liraglutide
  • Nitriles / administration & dosage
  • Nitriles / therapeutic use
  • Peptides / administration & dosage
  • Peptides / therapeutic use
  • Pyrazines / administration & dosage
  • Pyrazines / therapeutic use
  • Pyrrolidines / administration & dosage
  • Pyrrolidines / therapeutic use
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
  • Sitagliptin Phosphate
  • Triazoles / administration & dosage
  • Triazoles / therapeutic use
  • Venoms / administration & dosage
  • Venoms / therapeutic use
  • Vildagliptin

Substances

  • Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors
  • Glycated Hemoglobin A
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Incretins
  • Nitriles
  • Peptides
  • Pyrazines
  • Pyrrolidines
  • Triazoles
  • Venoms
  • Liraglutide
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
  • Exenatide
  • Vildagliptin
  • Adamantane
  • Sitagliptin Phosphate