Erythropoietin inhibits the increase of intestinal labile zinc and the expression of inflammatory mediators after traumatic brain injury in rats

J Trauma. 2009 Mar;66(3):730-6. doi: 10.1097/TA.0b013e318184b4db.

Abstract

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the effect of erythropoietin (Epo) on the intestinal labile zinc and the inflammatory factor in rats after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into nine groups: (a) normal group; (b) sham-operation group; (c, d, e, f, and g) TBI group, killed at 1 hour, 6 hour, 24 hour, and 72 hour and 7 days postinjury, respectively; (h and i) TBI + saline and TBI + Epo, killed at 24 hour or 72 hour postinjury. Parietal brain contusion was produced by a free-falling weight on the exposed dura of the right parietal lobe. Intestinal labile zinc, the tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin (IL)-8, and wet/dry weight ratio were investigated in different groups.

Results: The gut contains a certain amount of labile zinc in normal animals and TBI caused obviously gradual increment of intestinal liabled zinc. The levels of inflammatory mediators and the gut wet/dry weight ratio were also found to increase in the trauma group (p < 0.05). There was a highly positive correlation between the abundance of zinc fluorescence and these proinflammation factors. Epo significantly reduced the intestinal labile zinc, the inflammatory mediators, and the gut wet/dry weight ratio compared with TBI group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions: Epo can protect intestine from TBI-induced injury by attenuating intestinal inflammation and labile zinc accumulation in vivo.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Brain Concussion / pathology
  • Brain Concussion / physiopathology*
  • Capillary Permeability / drug effects
  • Capillary Permeability / physiology
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Erythropoietin / pharmacology*
  • Homeostasis / drug effects
  • Homeostasis / physiology
  • Inflammation Mediators / blood*
  • Interleukin-8 / blood
  • Intestinal Mucosa / drug effects
  • Intestinal Mucosa / pathology
  • Intestinal Mucosa / physiopathology*
  • Male
  • Microscopy, Fluorescence
  • Parietal Lobe / injuries*
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / pathology
  • Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome / physiopathology
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha / metabolism
  • Zinc / blood*

Substances

  • Inflammation Mediators
  • Interleukin-8
  • Recombinant Proteins
  • Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha
  • Erythropoietin
  • Zinc