Hexosamine template. A platform for modulating gene expression and for sugar-based drug discovery

J Med Chem. 2009 Apr 23;52(8):2515-30. doi: 10.1021/jm801661m.

Abstract

This study investigates the breadth of cellular responses engendered by short chain fatty acid (SCFA)-hexosamine hybrid molecules, a class of compounds long used in "metabolic glycoengineering" that are now emerging as drug candidates. First, a "mix and match" strategy showed that different SCFA (n-butyrate and acetate) appended to the same core sugar altered biological activity, complementing previous results [Campbell et al. J. Med. Chem. 2008, 51, 8135-8147] where a single type of SCFA elicited distinct responses. Microarray profiling then compared transcriptional responses engendered by regioisomerically modified ManNAc, GlcNAc, and GalNAc analogues in MDA-MB-231 cells. These data, which were validated by qRT-PCR or Western analysis for ID1, TP53, HPSE, NQO1, EGR1, and VEGFA, showed a two-pronged response where a core set of genes was coordinately regulated by all analogues while each analogue simultaneously uniquely regulated a larger number of genes. Finally, AutoDock modeling supported a mechanism where the analogues directly interact with elements of the NF-kappaB pathway. Together, these results establish the SCFA-hexosamine template as a versatile platform for modulating biological activity and developing new therapeutics.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acylation
  • Apoptosis
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • Drug Discovery
  • Early Growth Response Protein 1 / biosynthesis
  • Early Growth Response Protein 1 / genetics
  • Fatty Acids, Volatile / chemical synthesis*
  • Fatty Acids, Volatile / chemistry
  • Fatty Acids, Volatile / pharmacology
  • Gene Expression / drug effects*
  • Gene Expression Profiling
  • Glucuronidase / biosynthesis
  • Glucuronidase / genetics
  • Hexosamines / chemical synthesis*
  • Hexosamines / chemistry
  • Hexosamines / pharmacology
  • Humans
  • Models, Molecular
  • Mucin-1 / biosynthesis
  • N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / biosynthesis
  • NF-kappa B / biosynthesis
  • NF-kappa B / genetics
  • Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
  • Oncogenes
  • Signal Transduction
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Transcription, Genetic
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / biosynthesis
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 / genetics

Substances

  • Early Growth Response Protein 1
  • Fatty Acids, Volatile
  • Hexosamines
  • Mucin-1
  • NF-kappa B
  • Tumor Suppressor Protein p53
  • heparanase
  • Glucuronidase
  • N-Acetylneuraminic Acid