Genetic analysis of Indian families with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa by homozygosity screening

Abstract

Purpose: To identify the disease-causing genes in families with autosomal recessive RP (ARRP).

Methods: Families were screened for homozygosity at candidate gene loci followed by screening of the selected gene for pathogenic mutations if homozygosity was present at a given locus. A total of 34 families were included, of which 24 were consanguineous. Twenty-three genes were selected for screening. The presence of homozygosity was assessed by genotyping flanking microsatellite markers at each locus in affected individuals. Mutations were detected by sequencing of coding regions of genes. Sequence changes were tested for presence in 100 or more unrelated normal control subjects and for cosegregation in family members.

Results: Homozygosity was detected at one or more loci in affected individuals of 10 of 34 families. Homozygous disease cosegregating sequence changes (two frame-shift, two missense, and one nonsense; four novel) were found in the TULP1, RLBP1, ABCA4, RPE65, and RP1 genes in 5 of 10 families. These changes were absent in 100 normal control subjects. In addition, several polymorphisms and novel variants were found. All the putative pathogenic changes were associated with severe forms of RP with onset in childhood. Associated macular degeneration was found in three families with mutations in TULP1, ABCA4, and RP1 genes.

Conclusions: Novel mutations were found in different ARRP genes. Mutations were detected in approximately 15% (5/34) of ARRP families tested, suggesting involvement of other genes in the remaining families.

Figure 1

Pedigrees of families with ARRP in which pathogenic changes were identified.

Figure 2

Representative fundus photographs of affected individuals of the following families with ARRP: (A) RP205, (B) RP170, (C) RP126, (D) RP169, (E) RP213.

Figure 3

Multiple sequence alignment of TULP1 proteins from different species. Box: arginine residue at position 400, the site of the mutation.

Figure 4

Multiple sequence alignment of the RLBP1 protein sequence in different species. Box: arginine residue at position 151, the site of the mutation.