Women's initial experience of abnormal papanicolaou smear

J Holist Nurs. 2009 Jun;27(2):93-102. doi: 10.1177/0898010108330806. Epub 2009 Apr 6.

Abstract

To discover the early subjective experience of women affected by abnormal Papanicolaou smear, a qualitative study was undertaken with 8 North Carolina women, 4 to 12 months postnotification of their first abnormal result. Data were analyzed via grounded theory methodology to identify a core theory that could guide interventions to improve follow-up for cancer prevention. This theoretical process is described as a labyrinth journey-an imperative healing process undertaken by all participants, who undertook the following tasks: evaluating peril, seeking refuge, obtaining information, and reframing their self-image. Women who also learned they were infected with the human papillomavirus faced a prolonged sense of threat to their sense of sexual well-being. Their additional tasks related to reevaluating their sexual self-image, and they continued to work on these reframing tasks throughout their 1st year's journey. Progress through the labyrinth depended upon emotional or spiritual support, nonjudgmental acceptance and access to accurate information.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adaptation, Psychological
  • Adult
  • Anxiety / psychology
  • Female
  • Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice*
  • Holistic Health*
  • Humans
  • Middle Aged
  • Papanicolaou Test*
  • Papillomavirus Infections / diagnosis
  • Papillomavirus Infections / psychology*
  • Patient Education as Topic
  • Self Care / psychology
  • Self Concept*
  • Spirituality
  • Surveys and Questionnaires
  • Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / diagnosis
  • Uterine Cervical Dysplasia / psychology*
  • Vaginal Smears / methods
  • Vaginal Smears / psychology*
  • Young Adult