Yb-doped glass microcavity laser operation in water

Opt Lett. 2009 Apr 15;34(8):1153-5. doi: 10.1364/ol.34.001153.

Abstract

A ytterbium-doped silica microcavity laser demonstrates stable laser emission while completely submerged in water. To our knowledge, it is the first solid-state laser whose cavity mode interacts with water. The device generates more than 2 microW of output power. The laser performance is presented, and low-concentration biosensing is discussed as a potential application.