Reducing psychosocial and behavioral pregnancy risk factors: results of a randomized clinical trial among high-risk pregnant african american women

Abstract

Objectives: We evaluated the efficacy of a primary care intervention targeting pregnant African American women and focusing on psychosocial and behavioral risk factors for poor reproductive outcomes (cigarette smoking, secondhand smoke exposure, depression, and intimate partner violence).

Methods: Pregnant African American women (N = 1044) were randomized to an intervention or usual care group. Clinic-based, individually tailored counseling sessions were adapted from evidence-based interventions. Follow-up data were obtained for 850 women. Multiple imputation methodology was used to estimate missing data. Outcome measures were number of risks at baseline, first follow-up, and second follow-up and within-person changes in risk from baseline to the second follow-up.

Results: Number of risks did not differ between the intervention and usual care groups at baseline, the second trimester, or the third trimester. Women in the intervention group more frequently resolved some or all of their risks than did women in the usual care group (odds ratio = 1.61; 95% confidence interval = 1.08, 2.39; P = .021).

Conclusions: In comparison with usual care, a clinic-based behavioral intervention significantly reduced psychosocial and behavioral pregnancy risk factors among high-risk African American women receiving prenatal care.

FIGURE 1

Screening, eligibility, recruitment, and retention: Healthy Outcomes of Pregnancy Education (DC-HOPE) project, Washington, DC, 2001–2004. Note. EGA = estimated gestational age. ^aMore than 1 reason for ineligibility may apply. ^bOnly African American women who were still pregnant at the time of the baseline interview were used in this analysis.

FIGURE 2

Distribution of eligible women, by risk factor, at the baseline interview: Healthy Outcomes of Pregnancy Education (DC-HOPE) project, Washington, DC, 2001–2004. Note. The total eligible sample was N = 1913.