Synergistic roles of GABAA receptors and SK channels in regulating thalamocortical oscillations

J Neurophysiol. 2009 Jul;102(1):203-13. doi: 10.1152/jn.91158.2008. Epub 2009 Apr 22.

Abstract

Rhythmic oscillations throughout the cortex are observed during physiological and pathological states of the brain. The thalamus generates sleep spindle oscillations and spike-wave discharges characteristic of absence epilepsy. Much has been learned regarding the mechanisms underlying these oscillations from in vitro brain slice preparations. One widely used model to understand the epileptiform oscillations underlying absence epilepsy involves application of bicuculline methiodide (BMI) to brain slices containing the thalamus. BMI is a well-known GABAA receptor blocker that has previously been discovered to also block small-conductance, calcium-activated potassium (SK) channels. Here we report that the robust epileptiform oscillations observed during BMI application rely synergistically on both GABAA receptor and SK channel antagonism. Neither application of picrotoxin, a selective GABAA receptor antagonist, nor application of apamin, a selective SK channel antagonist, alone yielded the highly synchronized, long-lasting oscillations comparable to those observed during BMI application. However, partial blockade of SK channels by subnanomolar concentrations of apamin combined with picrotoxin sufficiently replicated BMI oscillations. We found that, at the cellular level, apamin enhanced the intrinsic excitability of reticular nucleus (RT) neurons but had no effect on relay neurons. This work suggests that regulation of RT excitability by SK channels can influence the excitability of thalamocortical networks and may illuminate possible pharmacological treatments for absence epilepsy. Finally, our results suggest that changes in the intrinsic properties of individual neurons and changes at the circuit level can robustly modulate these oscillations.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Analysis of Variance
  • Animals
  • Animals, Newborn
  • Apamin / pharmacology
  • Bicuculline / analogs & derivatives
  • Bicuculline / pharmacology
  • Biological Clocks / drug effects
  • Biological Clocks / physiology*
  • Cerebral Cortex / cytology
  • Cerebral Cortex / drug effects
  • Cerebral Cortex / physiology*
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Drug Synergism
  • Electric Stimulation / methods
  • GABA Antagonists / pharmacology
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Membrane Potentials / drug effects
  • Membrane Potentials / physiology
  • Neural Pathways / physiology
  • Patch-Clamp Techniques / methods
  • Picrotoxin / pharmacology
  • Potassium Channel Blockers / pharmacology
  • Rats
  • Rats, Sprague-Dawley
  • Receptors, GABA-A / physiology*
  • Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels / physiology*
  • Thalamus / cytology
  • Thalamus / drug effects
  • Thalamus / physiology*

Substances

  • GABA Antagonists
  • Potassium Channel Blockers
  • Receptors, GABA-A
  • Small-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels
  • Picrotoxin
  • Apamin
  • bicuculline methiodide
  • Bicuculline