Somatic markers and explicit knowledge are both involved in decision-making

Neuropsychologia. 2009 Aug;47(10):2120-4. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2009.04.003. Epub 2009 Apr 14.

Abstract

In 1994, it was proposed that decision-making requires emotion-related signals, known as somatic markers. In contrast, some authors argued that conscious knowledge of contingencies is sufficient for advantageous decision-making. We aimed to investigate the respective roles of somatic markers and explicit knowledge in decision-making. Thirty healthy volunteers performed the Iowa Gambling Task (IGT). Conscious knowledge was assessed using a sensitive questionnaire and skin conductance responses (SCRs) were recorded. Most participants acquired a preference for advantageous choices during the task and generated larger anticipatory SCRs before disadvantageous relative to advantageous choices. Performance on the IGT and the autonomic response were positively correlated (r=0.38, p=0.045). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in performance according to conscious awareness (p=0.009). There was no significant association between level of explicit knowledge and SCR (p=0.1). Finally, we did not find any interaction between explicit knowledge and performance although a lack of statistical power is not to be excluded. Advantageous decision-making therefore seems to be associated with two distinct, namely implicit and explicit, systems.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Analysis of Variance
  • Decision Making / physiology*
  • Emotions / physiology*
  • Female
  • Galvanic Skin Response
  • Games, Experimental
  • Humans
  • Knowledge*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Problem Solving / physiology*
  • Psychophysics
  • Reaction Time / physiology
  • Surveys and Questionnaires