Mammography is invaluable for evaluating the breast parenchyma, and this is equally true for patients who have had breast augmentation. Early detection of breast cancer is the major indication, and mammography is the single best test for this task. Although the sensitivity of mammography may be lower in patients with augmentation, routine screening should be carried out in these patients according to standard guidelines. Physical examination of the breast continues to be an important complementary procedure. Mammography is also important in the diagnostic evaluation of symptomatic women. Other imaging techniques such as ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging are often necessary as adjunctive studies in patients with prostheses.