Systematic review: adherence to a gluten-free diet in adult patients with coeliac disease

Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009 Aug 15;30(4):315-30. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2009.04053.x. Epub 2009 May 26.

Abstract

Background: Coeliac disease is increasingly diagnosed in adult patients who present with atypical symptoms or who are asymptomatic and detected by case screening. Its treatment, a gluten-free diet, can have a considerable impact on daily living. Understanding the factors associated with non-adherence is important in terms of supporting patients with their condition.

Aim: To investigate factors associated with adherence to a gluten-free diet in adults with coeliac disease.

Methods: A literature search of multiple electronic databases using a pre-determined search string for literature between 1980 and November 2007 identified a possible 611 hits. After checking for relevance, 38 studies were included in this review.

Results: Rates for strict adherence range from 42% to 91% depending on definition and method of assessment and are the lowest among ethnic minorities and those diagnosed in childhood. Adherence is most strongly associated with cognitive, emotional and socio-cultural influences, membership of an advocacy group and regular dietetic follow-up. Screen and symptom-detected coeliac patients do not differ in their adherence to a gluten-free diet.

Conclusions: The existing evidence for factors associated with non-adherence to a gluten-free diet is of variable quality. Further and more rigorous research is needed to characterize those individuals most likely to be non-adherent to assist them better with their treatment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review
  • Systematic Review

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Celiac Disease / diet therapy*
  • Celiac Disease / psychology
  • Food Labeling
  • Glutens / administration & dosage*
  • Humans
  • Patient Compliance
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Glutens