Assisted reproductive technologies are important tools in the clinical armamentarium used to treat both female and male infertility disorders. Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis offers couples at risk of having children with inheritable disorders the ability to analyze the genetic make-up of embryos before transfer. For patients undergoing treatment of cancer with chemotherapy or radiation therapy, these technologies offer the potential for the preservation of future fertility. As technology evolves, it is likely the clinical applications of assisted reproduction will continue to develop and expand in the future to enhance fertility.