Molecular diversity of volatile compounds in rare willow (Salix spp.) honeydew honey: identification of chemical biomarkers

Mol Divers. 2010 May;14(2):237-48. doi: 10.1007/s11030-009-9164-6. Epub 2009 Jun 11.

Abstract

Salix spp. honeydew honey volatiles were analyzed for the first time by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and ultrasonic solvent extraction (USE) followed by gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC, GC-MS). The use of HS-SPME and USE had advantageous results over the use of one single technique, as it provided different complementary chromatographic profiles for a comprehensive screening of the honeydew volatile composition. The volatiles with different functionality, molecular weight, and polarity were extracted and identified. High percentages of benzoic acid, phenylacetic acid, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid with minor percentages of 4-methoxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxyphenylethanol, and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid from USE extracts can be emphasized as volatile biomarkers of this honeydew that probably originated from Salix spp., as well as methyl salicylate identified only by HS-SPME. The application of heat treatment at 80 degrees C for 2 h did not change significantly the volatile composition of this honeydew.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acetates / chemistry
  • Benzoates / chemistry
  • Biomarkers / chemistry
  • Drug Stability
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  • Honey / analysis*
  • Models, Molecular
  • Plant Nectar / chemistry
  • Salix / chemistry*
  • Solid Phase Microextraction
  • Ultrasonics
  • Volatile Organic Compounds / chemistry*

Substances

  • Acetates
  • Benzoates
  • Biomarkers
  • Plant Nectar
  • Volatile Organic Compounds