Effects of a protein preload on gastric emptying, glycemia, and gut hormones after a carbohydrate meal in diet-controlled type 2 diabetes

Diabetes Care. 2009 Sep;32(9):1600-2. doi: 10.2337/dc09-0723. Epub 2009 Jun 18.

Abstract

Objective: We evaluated whether a whey preload could slow gastric emptying, stimulate incretin hormones, and attenuate postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes.

Research design and methods: Eight type 2 diabetic patients ingested 350 ml beef soup 30 min before a potato meal; 55 g whey was added to either the soup (whey preload) or potato (whey in meal) or no whey was given.

Results: Gastric emptying was slowest after the whey preload (P < 0.0005). The incremental area under the blood glucose curve was less after the whey preload and whey in meal than after no whey (P < 0.005). Plasma glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, insulin, and cholecystokinin concentrations were higher on both whey days than after no whey, whereas glucagon-like peptide 1 was greatest after the whey preload (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: Whey protein consumed before a carbohydrate meal can stimulate insulin and incretin hormone secretion and slow gastric emptying, leading to marked reduction in postprandial glycemia in type 2 diabetes.

Publication types

  • Clinical Trial
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Blood Glucose / drug effects*
  • Cholecystokinin / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / blood
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / drug therapy*
  • Dietary Proteins / administration & dosage
  • Dietary Proteins / pharmacology*
  • Dietary Proteins / therapeutic use*
  • Female
  • Gastric Emptying / drug effects*
  • Gastrointestinal Hormones / blood*
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 / blood
  • Humans
  • Insulin / blood
  • Male
  • Middle Aged

Substances

  • Blood Glucose
  • Dietary Proteins
  • Gastrointestinal Hormones
  • Insulin
  • Glucagon-Like Peptide 1
  • Cholecystokinin