Two bouts of exercise before meals, but not after meals, lower fasting blood glucose
- PMID: 19568199
- DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31819dfe14
Two bouts of exercise before meals, but not after meals, lower fasting blood glucose
Abstract
Introduction: Reduced counterregulatory responses to a next-day hypoglycemic challenge and hypoglycemia result from two spaced episodes of moderate-intensity exercise and have been characterized as exercise-associated autonomic failure. We hypothesized that this phenomenon is caused by postabsorptive state at the time of exercise rather than by autonomic failure.
Methods: Participants were nine healthy postmenopausal women in a crossover study. Two hours of treadmill exercise at 43% of maximal effort were performed twice a day, separated by 5 h, either 1 h before (Before-Meals trial) or 1 h after a meal (After-Meals trial). Plasma insulin, counterregulatory hormones (glucagon, growth hormone, cortisol), and metabolites (glucose, free fatty acids, ketones) were measured to evaluate the effects of nutritional timing. Analyses of HR and vagal tone were measured to assess autonomic function.
Results: Before-Meals exercise, but not After-Meals exercise, reduced postabsorptive plasma glucose by 20.2% during a 16-h period, without a change in counterregulatory response, and elicited postexercise ketosis. A 49% increase in insulin-glucagon ratio during meals, a 1 mM decline in glucagon glycemic threshold, and a reduced vagal tone during exercise were associated with Before-Meals but not with After-Meals trials.
Conclusions: These results demonstrate that exercise performed in postabsorptive, but not in postprandial state, lowers glucoregulatory set point and glucagon glycemic threshold and is accompanied by reduced vagal tone, counterregulatory responses, and glucagon glycemic threshold and by increased insulin-glucagon ratio. Reduced counterregulatory response, altered neuroendocrine function, and sustained lowering of blood glucose are most likely the consequences of reduced carbohydrate availability during exercise.
Similar articles
-
Effect of sex on counterregulatory responses to exercise after antecedent hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes.Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Jul;287(1):E16-24. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00480.2002. Epub 2004 Mar 2. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004. PMID: 14998785 Clinical Trial.
-
Effect of differing antecedent hypoglycemia on counterregulatory responses to exercise in type 1 diabetes.Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006 Jun;290(6):E1109-17. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00244.2005. Epub 2006 Jan 10. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2006. PMID: 16403779 Clinical Trial.
-
Leptin, gastrointestinal and stress hormones in response to exercise in fasted or fed subjects and before or after blood donation.J Physiol Pharmacol. 2001 Mar;52(1):53-70. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2001. PMID: 11321513
-
Evidence for a vicious cycle of exercise and hypoglycemia in type 1 diabetes mellitus.Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2004 Mar-Apr;20(2):124-30. doi: 10.1002/dmrr.450. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2004. PMID: 15037987 Review.
-
Maintenance of the postabsorptive plasma glucose concentration: insulin or insulin plus glucagon?Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Aug;289(2):E181-6. doi: 10.1152/ajpendo.00460.2004. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2005. PMID: 16014355 Review.
Cited by
-
Morning exercise as fasted-state activity.Diabetologia. 2024 Apr;67(4):755-756. doi: 10.1007/s00125-023-06080-6. Epub 2024 Jan 12. Diabetologia. 2024. PMID: 38212466 No abstract available.
-
Minimizing Negative Effects on Glycemia of Pre- and Post-Meal Exercise for People With Diabetes: A Personal Case Report and Review of the Literature.Clin Diabetes. 2023 Spring;41(2):311-321. doi: 10.2337/cd22-0076. Epub 2022 Nov 10. Clin Diabetes. 2023. PMID: 37092166 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
-
Minimizing Hypoglycemia Using a Five-Step Diabetes Management Program.Clin Diabetes. 2022 Spring;40(2):233-239. doi: 10.2337/cd21-0037. Epub 2022 Apr 15. Clin Diabetes. 2022. PMID: 35669304 Free PMC article. No abstract available.
-
Eat, Train, Sleep-Retreat? Hormonal Interactions of Intermittent Fasting, Exercise and Circadian Rhythm.Biomolecules. 2021 Mar 30;11(4):516. doi: 10.3390/biom11040516. Biomolecules. 2021. PMID: 33808424 Free PMC article. Review.
-
Effects of exercise before and/or after a mixed lunch on postprandial metabolic responses in healthy male individuals.Eur J Nutr. 2021 Sep;60(6):3437-3447. doi: 10.1007/s00394-021-02512-4. Epub 2021 Feb 26. Eur J Nutr. 2021. PMID: 33635408
Publication types
MeSH terms
Substances
Grants and funding
LinkOut - more resources
Full Text Sources
Medical
