First report on toxins in the Panamanian toads Atelopus limosus, A. glyphus and A. certus

Toxicon. 2010 Jan;55(1):153-6. doi: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.07.003. Epub 2009 Jul 17.

Abstract

Major toxins from skin extracts of 18 specimens of six Atelopus toad species collected in Panama were analyzed. Chiriquitoxin was identified using (1)H NMR in A. limosus and A. glyphus for the first time. Zetekitoxin in A. zeteki and tetrodotoxin in A. varius, A. chiriquiensis and A. zeteki were identified again. Furthermore, A. certus was suggested to contain a water-soluble toxin other than tetrodotoxin.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Biological Assay
  • Bufonidae*
  • Chromatography, Liquid
  • Complex Mixtures / chemistry
  • Complex Mixtures / toxicity
  • Lethal Dose 50
  • Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Male
  • Mice
  • Panama
  • Saxitoxin / analogs & derivatives
  • Saxitoxin / analysis
  • Saxitoxin / chemistry
  • Saxitoxin / toxicity
  • Skin / chemistry*
  • Species Specificity
  • Spectrometry, Fluorescence
  • Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization
  • Tetrodotoxin / analysis
  • Tetrodotoxin / chemistry
  • Tetrodotoxin / toxicity
  • Toxins, Biological / analysis*
  • Toxins, Biological / chemistry
  • Toxins, Biological / toxicity

Substances

  • Complex Mixtures
  • Toxins, Biological
  • zetekitoxin AB
  • Saxitoxin
  • Tetrodotoxin
  • chiriquitoxin