A chronic pressure ulcer model in the nude mouse

Abstract

The pathophysiology of pressure ulcers is not yet fully understood. Widely used experimental models lead to pressure ulcers in the skin and the subcutaneous tissue only. The aim of the present study was to develop a clinically relevant deep pressure ulcer model in nude mice involving all relevant tissue layers. Balb/c nude mice were anesthetized and a steel disk was implanted under the great gluteus muscle. Full recovery was allowed for 10 days. Pressure was then periodically applied (2 hours compression, 1 hour recovery) using a Neodymium magnet in conjunction with the disk in the unanesthetized mouse. Cycles were repeated for 1, 4, 6, 8, or 10 times. Controls underwent the same procedure without placement of the magnet. The pressure ulcer grade was found to be cycle dependent,with the highest degree after 10 cycles. Histological evaluations revealed signs of necrosis in the skin and subcutaneous fat after four, and in the muscle after eight and 10 cycles of compression. Polymorphnuclear granulocyte infiltration in certain layers was found to be dependent on the number of cycles. We conclude that this clinically relevant nude mouse model can be used to investigate the mechanism of pressure ulcer development and to study new therapeutic approaches.