A continuous microplate assay for sirtuins and nicotinamide-producing enzymes

Anal Biochem. 2009 Nov 1;394(1):101-9. doi: 10.1016/j.ab.2009.07.019. Epub 2009 Jul 16.

Abstract

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent protein deacetylases (sirtuins) and other enzymes that produce nicotinamide are integral to many cellular processes. Yet current activity measurements involve expensive and time-consuming assays. Here we present a spectroscopic assay that circumvents many issues of previous methods. This assay permits continuous product monitoring over time, allows determination of steady-state kinetic parameters, and is readily adaptable to high-throughput screening. The methodology uses an enzyme-coupled system in which nicotinamide is converted to nicotinic acid and ammonia by nicotinamidase. The ammonia is transferred to alpha-ketoglutarate via glutamate dehydrogenase, yielding glutamate and the oxidation of NAD(P)H to NAD(P)+, which is measured spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. Using this continuous assay with sirtuin-1 (Sirt1) and the ADP-ribosyl cyclase CD38, the resulting steady-state kinetic parameters are in excellent agreement with values obtained by other published methods. Importantly, this assay permitted determination of k(cat) and K(m) values with the native acetylated substrate acetyl-CoA synthetase-1; measurement of Sirt1, Sirt2, and Sirt3 activities from mammalian cell extracts; and determination of IC(50) values of various Sirt1 inhibitors. This assay is applicable to any nicotinamide-forming enzyme and will be an important tool to address many outstanding questions surrounding their regulation.

MeSH terms

  • ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / analysis
  • ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1 / metabolism
  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Cattle
  • Cell Extracts
  • Cell Line
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Enzymes / analysis
  • Enzymes / metabolism*
  • Glutamate Dehydrogenase / chemistry
  • Glutamate Dehydrogenase / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Kinetics
  • Linear Models
  • NAD / metabolism
  • NADP / metabolism
  • Niacinamide / biosynthesis*
  • Peptides / chemistry
  • Peptides / metabolism
  • Sequence Homology
  • Sirtuins / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Sirtuins / biosynthesis*
  • Spectrometry, Fluorescence
  • Spectrum Analysis
  • Time Factors

Substances

  • Cell Extracts
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Enzymes
  • Peptides
  • NAD
  • Niacinamide
  • NADP
  • Glutamate Dehydrogenase
  • ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1
  • Sirtuins