The goal of this study was to describe the factors of propagation of the last epidemic of cholera. We have analysed the files registries of the division and combat of the disease of national Direction of Health From August 14 until 30 November 2003. This time period represent the period of the last cholera epidemic that spanned three regions of the country namely Koulikoro, Segou and Mopti. In Total 913 cholera patients out of a total of 1144 persons met the criteria of inclusion. Within theses regions the attack rate according to the general population in theses regions was 2 per 10000 inhabitants. 96% of the case lacked access to potable water. Poor sanitation was a factor 87,7% of the case. The reasons for physical contact with the sick were: courtesy visit 81,9%, care 7,5%,. The lethality rate has been 8,1%. In the absence of an effective cholera vaccine, the fight against cholera in developing countries resides in the identification and removal of these factors which contribute to the spread of disease before, during and after the cholera epidemic.