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Review
. 2009:37:233-78.
doi: 10.1016/s0065-2407(09)03706-9.

Developmental changes in cognitive control through adolescence

Beatriz Luna  1
Affiliations
Review

Developmental changes in cognitive control through adolescence

Beatriz Luna. Adv Child Dev Behav. 2009.
No abstract available

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Depiction of developmental change across the age span. Adolescence is highlighted as a unique stage past childhood when adult-level stability is coming on-line.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
View of cortical surface of the brain generated from longitudinal MRI scans. Darkening shade represents degree of gray matter thinning. We have added a box surrounding the brains that represent adolescence. (Figure transformed to black and white and reprinted with permission from Gogtay et al., 2004).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Solid circles depict the M±1 standard error of the M (SEM) for the percent of trials with a response suppression failure in the antisaccade (AS) task. Thick lines depict the inverse curve fit on the response suppression failures by age in years. The arrow depicts the age at which change point analyses indicate adult level of performance was reached (with permission from Luna et al., 2004).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Mean ±1 standard error of the accuracy to initiate a memory-guided saccade (solid circles) and the accuracy of the final gaze location (open circles) in the ODR task for each age group. Thick lines indicate the inverse curve fit for these data across the age range studied. Arrows depict the age at which change point analyses indicate adult levels of performance were reached (with permission from Luna et al., 2004).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
M±1 standard error of the M (SEM) of the latency to initiate a saccade in each task for each age group. Solid circles depict the latency to initiate a saccade to a visual stimulus during the visually guided saccade (VGS) task. Open circles depict the latency to initiate an eye movement to the opposite location of a visual target in the antisaccade (AS) task. Solid triangles depict the latency to initiate an eye movement to a remembered location in the oculomotor-delayed response (ODR) task. Thick lines indicate the inverse curve fit on the M latency to initiate an eye movement response in millisececond by age in years. Arrows depict the ages at which change point analyses indicate adult levels of performance were reached (with permission from Luna et al., 2004.)
Fig. 6
Fig. 6
From Velanova et al., 2008. Activity in medFG/rACC and dACC across time for correct and error AS trials in each age group on the partially inflated medial cortical surface of the right hemisphere for correctly performed antisaccade trials.
Fig. 7
Fig. 7
From Luna et al., 2001. Mean group activity during a block antisaccade task for children, adolescents, and adults overlaid on top of the structure of a representative subject.
Fig. 8
Fig. 8
From Scherf et al., 2006. Imaging results from both magnitude and extent of activation analyses. (A) Axial brain slices depicting regions of significant brain activity in each age group. Children showed stronger activation bilaterally in the caudate nucleus, the thalamus, and anterior insula. Adolescents showed the strongest right DLPFC activation, and adults showed concentrated activation in left prefrontal and posterior parietal regions. (B) Pie charts depict the distribution of brain activation across all brain regions recruited. Children showed disproportionate amount of activity in basal ganglia and adolescents in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. In contrast, adults showed more equally distributed recruitment of regions.
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