Recent advances in genomics and informatics have given birth to such area in molecular biology as proteomics. Proteomics is currently tasked with the full proteoma mapping of various biological substrates (e.g. body liquids, cells and tissues) both in the norm and pathology, and discovery of biomarkers of pathologies including tumors. The review presents analysis of the urine proteoma literature over the last five years covering the methods, strategy and results of the investigations.