The present study was undertaken to express goatpox virus (GTPV) P32 protein in Pichia pastoris and evaluate its potential use as a diagnostic antigen in ELISA. The amplified P32 gene of GTPV was cloned into pPICZalphaA vector and characterized by PCR, restriction enzyme digestion and sequencing. The characterized linear recombinant plasmids were transformed in Pichia host GSII5 strain by electroporation and the zeocin resistant Pichia transformant containing P32 gene was selected and confirmed by PCR. The expression of P32 protein in Pichia was induced with 0.5% methanol at 30 degrees C. The optimum expression was observed at 72 h post-induction and the yield was 100 mg/L of culture. The expressed protein was precipitated with polyethylene glycol and analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot using GTPV specific serum and GTPV-P32 protein specific monoclonal antibody. Further, the protein precipitated with acetone was evaluated as diagnostic antigen in indirect ELISA in order to replace the whole GTPV. The standardized P32 protein based indirect ELISA had relative specificity and sensitivity of 84.2% and 94.2-100%, respectively when compared with serum neutralization test and whole virus based indirect ELISA. This study showed a potential of the yeast expressed GTPV-P32 protein as safe antigen in ELISA for seroepidemiological study of the capripox infection in sheep and goats, in India as well as capripox enzootic countries.