High-strength metal nanomagnets for diagnostics and medicine: carbon shells allow long-term stability and reliable linker chemistry

Nanomedicine (Lond). 2009 Oct;4(7):787-98. doi: 10.2217/nnm.09.55.

Abstract

The rapidly growing applications of nanomagnets in magnetic drug delivery and separation in clinical diagnostics require strong and reliable magnetic vehicles. Strength conveys rapid processing, high delivery/targeting yield and rapid results when used in clinics. Reliability enables recycling of nanomagnets, regulatory-conforming drug formulations and efficient use of (expensive) antibodies in diagnostics, combined with reduced leaching (reagent loss). The present work illustrates how metal-based nanomagnets provide a two-three-times stronger magnetic particle than conventional magnetite-based materials. Ligands, antibodies or drugs can be anchored to such carbon/metal core/shell nanomagnets over covalent, hydrolysis-resistant carbon-carbon bonds. This linker chemistry resists strong acids, sterilization and prolonged storage or aggressive treatment. As dispersions, functional nanomagnets rapidly scan liquids/tissue by Brownian diffusion, capture/deliver/react at a target and are efficiently recollected after use. Metal iron-based, carbon-coated nanomagnets consist of particularly well-accepted materials and now open stable nanomagnets to a broad range of fascinating separation problems in biomedical research.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Carbon / chemistry*
  • Drug Stability
  • Humans
  • Magnetics*
  • Metal Nanoparticles / chemistry*
  • Nanomedicine / methods*
  • Nanotechnology / methods*

Substances

  • Carbon