The existence bias

J Pers Soc Psychol. 2009 Nov;97(5):765-75. doi: 10.1037/a0017058.

Abstract

The authors demonstrate that people treat the mere existence of something as evidence of its goodness. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrate that an existing state is evaluated more favorably than an alternative. Study 3 shows that imagining an event increases estimates of its likelihood, which in turn leads to favorable evaluation; the more likely that something will be, the more positively it is evaluated. Study 4 shows that the more a form is described as prevalent, the more aesthetically attractive is that form. This indicates a causal relationship between aesthetic judgments and existence in a domain lacking choice among alternatives. Study 5 extends the existence bias to gustatory evaluation and demonstrates that the effect is not moderated by valence. Together these studies suggest that mere existence leads to assumptions of goodness; the status quo is seen as good, right, attractive, tasty, and desirable.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Choice Behavior*
  • Decision Making*
  • Female
  • Habits*
  • Humans
  • Imagination*
  • Judgment*
  • Likelihood Functions
  • Male
  • Probability Learning
  • Recognition, Psychology
  • Young Adult