Defective interleukin-4/Stat6 activity correlates with increased constitutive expression of negative regulators SOCS-3, SOCS-7, and CISH in colon cancer cells

J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2009 Dec;29(12):809-16. doi: 10.1089/jir.2009.0004.

Abstract

Interleukin-4 (IL-4)-induced Stat6 activities (phenotypes) vary among human cancer cells, of which the HT-29 cell line carries an active Stat6(high) phenotype, while Caco-2 carries a defective Stat6(null) phenotype, respectively. Cancer cells with Stat6(high) show resistance to apoptosis and exaggerated metastasis, suggesting the clinical significance of Stat6 phenotypes. We previously showed that Stat6(high) HT-29 cells exhibited low constitutive expression of Stat6-negative regulators SOCS-1 and SHP-1 because of gene hypermethylation. This study further examined the constitutive expression of other closely related SOCS family numbers including SOCS-3, SOCS-5, SOCS-7, and CISH using RT-PCR. Similar to SOCS-1 and SHP-1, Stat6(high) HT-29 cells expressed low constitutive mRNA of SOCS-3, SOCS-7, and CISH than Stat6(null) Caco-2 cells. Interestingly, DNA demethylation using 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine in HT-29 cells up-regulated mRNA expression of the above genes, indicating a hypermethylation status, which was confirmed by methylation-specific sequencing in selected SOCS-3 gene. Furthermore, defective Stat6(null) Caco-2 exhibited impaired phosphorylation of Stat6 after IL-4 stimulation by flow cytometry, in keeping with the notion of an over-performed negative regulation. The findings that IL-4/Stat6 phenotypes show differential expression of multiple negative regulators suggest a model that a collective force of powerful negative regulators, directly and indirectly, acts on Stat6 activation, which may result in differential Stat6 phenotypes.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Azacitidine / analogs & derivatives
  • Azacitidine / pharmacology
  • Caco-2 Cells
  • DNA Methylation / drug effects
  • DNA Methylation / physiology
  • Decitabine
  • HT29 Cells
  • Humans
  • Interleukin-4 / metabolism
  • Interleukin-4 / pharmacology
  • Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Nuclear Proteins / metabolism*
  • Phosphorylation / drug effects
  • Phosphorylation / physiology
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic / drug effects
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic / physiology
  • RNA, Messenger / agonists
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism
  • STAT6 Transcription Factor / drug effects
  • STAT6 Transcription Factor / metabolism*
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Signal Transduction / physiology
  • Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein
  • Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins / metabolism*
  • Up-Regulation / drug effects
  • Up-Regulation / physiology

Substances

  • Nuclear Proteins
  • RNA, Messenger
  • SOCS3 protein, human
  • SOCS5 protein, human
  • SOCS7 protein, human
  • STAT6 Transcription Factor
  • STAT6 protein, human
  • Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling 3 Protein
  • Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling Proteins
  • cytokine inducible SH2-containing protein
  • Interleukin-4
  • Decitabine
  • Azacitidine