In hematological malignancies, the occurrence of anemia is very common and can have significant consequences on daily life. Treatment includes essentially red blood cell transfusions. The prescription of erythropoietic agents and/or iron is exceptionnal and often not registered in Switzerland. The onset of neutropenia is also frequently encountered and in some situations may require the prescription of myeloid growth factors. The purpose of this article is to focus on the current recommendations of these two issues for practitioners.