The article presents actual questions of epidemiology of outhospital pneumonia (OP), peculiarities of epidemic process of these infections in troops in now-day conditions and updates of main directions of their prophylaxis. It was marked that alongside with clearly defined tendency of lowing, the morbidity by OP in the Armed Forces of RF is still rather high--in 5-7 folds higher than among adult population of the country. Whereby it is predicted further complication of sanitarium-epidemiological situation in connection with increase of call-up. The article uncovers the main factors, supplying the realization of mechanism of epidemic process of OP in military collectives. Vaccination of staff by registered in RF multipartial pneumococcal vaccine Pnevmo-23 is considered as an effective and necessary medical measure in complex of prophylactic measures, effectuating in troops.