Persistent fetal circulation
- PMID: 20084150
- PMCID: PMC2805987
- DOI: 10.1093/pch/6.10.744
Persistent fetal circulation
Abstract
Persistent fetal circulation (PFC), also known as persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn, is defined as postnatal persistence of right-to-left ductal or atrial shunting, or both in the presence of elevated right ventricular pressure. It is a relatively rare condition that is usually seen in newborns with respiratory distress syndrome, overwhelming sepsis, meconium and other aspiration syndromes, intrauterine hypoxia and ischemia, and/or neonatal hypoxia and ischemia. This condition causes severe hypoxemia, and, as a result, has significant morbidity and mortality. Improved antenatal and neonatal care; the use of surfactant; continuous monitoring of oxygenation, blood pressure and other vital functions; and early recognition and intervention have made this condition even more rare. In modern neonatal intensive care units, anticipation and early treatment of PFC and its complications in sick newborns are commonplace. Thus, severe forms of PFC are only seen on isolated occasions. Consequently, it is even more imperative to revisit PFC compared with the time when there were occasional cases of PFC seen in neonatal intensive care units, and to discuss evolving treatment and management issues that pertain to this syndrome.
La circulation fœtale persistante (CFP), également désignée hypertension artérielle pulmonaire persistante du nouveau-né, se définit comme une persistance postnatale du canal artériel, du shunt auriculaire ou de ces deux pathologies en présence d’une pression élevée du ventricule droit. C’est une pathologie relativement rare, observée chez les nouveau-nés souffrant d’un syndrome de détresse respiratoire, de septicémie foudroyante, d’aspiration de méconium et d’autres syndromes d’aspiration ainsi que d’hypoxie et d’ischémie intra-utérines ou néonatales. Elle cause une hypoxémie grave et s’accompagne donc d’un taux élevé de morbidité et de mortalité. De meilleurs soins anténatals et néonatals, le recours au surfactant, la surveillance constante de l’oxygénation, de la tension artérielle et des autres fonctions vitales, de même qu’un dépistage et une intervention précoces rendent cette pathologie encore plus rare. Dans les unités de soins intensifs néonatals modernes, la prévention et le traitement précoce de la CFP et de ses complications chez les nouveau-nés malades sont monnaie courante. Par conséquent, les formes graves de CFP ne se produisent que dans des cas isolés. Il est donc encore plus impératif de réévaluer la CFP par rapport à l’époque où on observait des cas occasionnels de CFP dans les unités de soins intensifs néonatals et d’aborder l’évolution du traitement et de la prise en charge de ce syndrome.
Keywords: Newborns; Persistent fetal circulation; Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn; Respiratory distress syndrome.
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