Abstract
Infrared A (IRA) radiation (760-1440 nm) is a major component of solar radiation and, similar to UVR, causes photoaging of human skin by increasing the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 in human skin fibroblasts. In this study, we assessed the IRA-induced transcriptome in primary human skin fibroblasts. Microarray analysis revealed 599 IRA-regulated transcripts. The IRA-induced transcriptome differed from changes known to be induced by UV. IRA-responsive genes include the categories extracellular matrix, calcium homeostasis, stress signaling, and apoptosis. Selected results were confirmed by real-time PCR experiments analyzing 13 genes representing these four categories. By means of chemical inhibitors of known signaling pathways, we showed that ERK1/2, the p38-, JNK-, PI3K/AKT-, STAT3-, and IL-6 as well as the calcium-mediated signaling pathways, are functionally involved in the IRA gene response and that a major part of it is triggered by mitochondrial and, to a lesser extent, non-mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species. Our results identify IRA as an environmental factor with relevance for skin homeostasis and photoaging.
Publication types
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Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
MeSH terms
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Apoptosis / physiology
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Apoptosis / radiation effects
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Cells, Cultured
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Extracellular Matrix / metabolism
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Extracellular Matrix / radiation effects
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Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / genetics
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Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases / metabolism
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Fibroblasts / cytology
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Fibroblasts / metabolism
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Fibroblasts / radiation effects*
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Gene Expression Profiling*
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Gene Expression Regulation / radiation effects*
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Homeostasis / physiology
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Homeostasis / radiation effects
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Humans
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Infrared Rays*
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Interleukin-6 / genetics
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Interleukin-6 / metabolism
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JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / genetics
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JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
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Male
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / genetics
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases / metabolism
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STAT3 Transcription Factor / genetics
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STAT3 Transcription Factor / metabolism
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Skin / cytology
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Skin / metabolism
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Skin / radiation effects*
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Stress, Physiological / physiology
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Stress, Physiological / radiation effects
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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / genetics
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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / metabolism
Substances
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Interleukin-6
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STAT3 Transcription Factor
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Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases
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Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases
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JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases