The purpose of this study was to assess whether large femoral heads (36-38 mm) improve the range of motion in total hip arthroplasty compared to standard (28-32 mm) femoral heads in the presence of optimal and non-optimal cup positioning. A mathematical model of the hip joint was generated by using a laser scan of a dried cadaveric hip. The range of motion was assessed with a cup inclination and anteversion of reference and with non-optimal cup positions. Large femoral heads increased the range of motion, compared to the 28-mm femoral head, in the presence of a hip prosthesis correctly implanted and even more so in the presence of non-optimal cup positioning. However, with respect to the 32-mm femoral head, large femoral heads showed limited benefits both in the presence of optimal and non-optimal cup positioning.