Purpose: To determine the role of PEA-15 in breast cancer.
Experimental design: A reverse-phase protein array was used to measure PEA-15 expression levels in 320 human breast cancers; these levels were correlated with clinical and tumor characteristics. PEA-15 was overexpressed by an adenovirus vector or by stably expressing PEA-15 in different breast cancer cell lines. The effects on breast cancer cell survival and on the downstream apoptotic signaling pathway were measured in terms of cell proliferation (trypan blue for cell viability, bromodeoxyuridine incorporation for DNA synthesis), anchorage-independent growth (soft agar colony formation), and apoptosis (fluorescence-activated cell sorter analysis). The preclinical efficacy of Ad.PEA-15 given intratumorally was evaluated in nude mice bearing tumors from s.c. implanted human MDA-MB-468 triple-negative breast cancer cells.
Results: In human breast cancers, low levels of PEA-15 expression correlated with high nuclear grade (P < 0.0001) and with negative hormone receptor status (P = 0.0004). Overexpression of PEA-15 in breast cancer cells resulted in growth inhibition, reduction in DNA synthesis, and onset of caspase-8-dependent apoptosis. In athymic nude mice bearing MDA-MB-468 xenografts, tumor volumes were significantly smaller in mice treated intratumorally with Ad.PEA-15 than in control mice (P < 0.0001). Tumors from mice treated with Ad.PEA-15 had increased levels of activated (phosphorylated) extracellular signal-regulated kinase and reduced levels of Ki-67 compared with tumors from nontreated or control-adenovirus-treated mice.
Conclusion: PEA-15 has therapeutic potential in breast cancer. Further preclinical and clinical exploration of PEA-15 as a druggable target is warranted.