Spectroscopic and metal-binding properties of DF3: an artificial protein able to accommodate different metal ions

J Biol Inorg Chem. 2010 Jun;15(5):717-28. doi: 10.1007/s00775-010-0639-9. Epub 2010 Mar 12.

Abstract

The design, synthesis, and metal-binding properties of DF3, a new de novo designed di-iron protein model are described ("DF" represents due ferri, Italian for "two iron," "di-iron"). DF3 is the latest member of the DF family of synthetic proteins. They consist of helix-loop-helix hairpins, designed to dimerize and form an antiparallel four-helix bundle that encompasses a metal-binding site similar to those of non-heme carboxylate-bridged di-iron proteins. Unlike previous DF proteins, DF3 is highly soluble in water (up to 3 mM) and forms stable complexes with several metal ions (Zn, Co, and Mn), with the desired secondary structure and the expected stoichiometry of two ions per protein. UV-vis studies of Co(II) and Fe(III) complexes confirm a metal-binding environment similar to previous di-Co(II)- and di-Fe(III)-DF proteins, including the presence of a mu-oxo-di-Fe(III) unit. Interestingly, UV-vis, EPR, and resonance Raman studies suggest the interaction of a tyrosine adjacent to the di-Fe(III) center. The design of DF3 was aimed at increasing the accessibility of small molecules to the active site of the four-helix bundle. Indeed, binding of azide to the di-Fe(III) site demonstrates a more accessible metal site compared with previous DFs. In fact, fitting of the binding curve to the Hill equation allows us to quantify a 150% accessibility enhancement, with respect to DF2. All these results represent a significant step towards the development of a functional synthetic DF metalloprotein.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Azides / chemistry
  • Binding Sites
  • Cobalt / chemistry
  • Cobalt / metabolism
  • Crystallography, X-Ray
  • Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy
  • Iron / chemistry
  • Iron / metabolism
  • Manganese / chemistry
  • Manganese / metabolism
  • Metalloproteins / chemical synthesis
  • Metalloproteins / chemistry*
  • Metalloproteins / metabolism*
  • Metals / chemistry
  • Metals / metabolism*
  • Models, Molecular
  • Protein Stability
  • Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
  • Spectrum Analysis, Raman
  • Thermodynamics
  • Zinc / chemistry
  • Zinc / metabolism

Substances

  • Azides
  • Metalloproteins
  • Metals
  • Cobalt
  • Manganese
  • Iron
  • Zinc