Aim: To know the frequencies of insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene among patients with type 2 diabetes and its relationship with metabolic syndrome at Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta.
Methods: We examined 69 patients with type 2 diabetes at Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta, divided 2 groups based on ATP III criteria of metabolic syndrome. To determine the ACE genotype of the patients, a genomic DNA fragment on intron 16 of the ACE gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a forward primer 5'-CTG GAG ACC ACT CCC ATC CTT TCT-3' and reverse primer 5'-GAT GTG GCC ATC ACA RTC GTC AGA T-3'. II genotype 1 band on 490 bp (homozigot), DD genotype 1 band on 190 bp (homozigot) and ID genotype 2 band (heteroduplex) on 490 bp and 190 bp were separately detected on a 3% agarose gel containing ethidium bromide.
Results: Of 69 patients with type 2 diabetes, there were 51 females (73.91%) and 18 males (26.09%). Subjects with metabolic syndrome were 49 patients (71.02%) while without metabolic syndrome were 20 patients (28.98%). Subjects with II, DD, ID genotype were 57.97%, 23.19% and 18.84% respectively. The male subjects with II, DD, ID genotype were 55.56%, 27.78% and 16.67% respectively, and the female subject II, DD ID genotype were 58.82%, 21.57% and 19.61% respectively. The association between ACE I/D polymorphism and metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes, was not significant (p=0.204).
Conclusion: The frequency of ACE I/D polymorphism among type 2 diabetes are 57.97% II, 23.19% DD, 18.84% ID. There is no association between metabolic syndrome and the component of metabolic syndrome and varians of the ACE gene among the type 2 diabetes patients.