Objectives: The ubiquitin-proteasome system emerged as a new therapeutic target in cancer treatment. The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of the novel proteasome inhibitor BSc2118 on t(4;14) positive and negative multiple myeloma (MM) cells and normal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC).
Methods: Human MM cell lines OPM-2, RPMI-8226, and U266 and primary MM cells from bone marrow aspirates were exposed to BSc2118. Cytotoxicity levels were evaluated using the MTT-test. BSc2118-induced apoptosis was analyzed by annexin-V assay. Further methods used included proteasomal activity determination, cell cycle analysis, western blot, and transcription factor assays.
Results: In OPM-2, RPMI-8226, U266 cell lines and primary MM cells, BSc2118 caused dose-dependent growth inhibitory effects. After 48 h, dose-dependent apoptosis occurred both in cell lines and primary myeloma cells irrespective of t(4;14). A significant G2-M cell cycle arrest occurred after 24 h. Furthermore, we observed a marked inhibition of intracellular proteasome activity, an increase in intracellular p21 levels, and an inhibition of NF-kappaB activation. The toxicity against PBMNC remained low, suggesting a broad therapeutic range of this agent.
Conclusion: Taken together, BSc2118 shows significant antimyeloma activity and may be considered as a promising agent in cancer drug development.