Abstract
There are currently three prognostic/predictive biomarkers used in routine clinical management of patients with breast cancer, and their assessment is mandatory. They include estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha), progesterone receptor (PgR), and the HER2 oncogene/oncoprotein. This paper briefly reviews the assessment of ERalpha, PgR, and HER2 in breast cancer, emphasizing recent progress and persistent controversies.
MeSH terms
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Biomarkers, Tumor / analysis*
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Biomarkers, Tumor / genetics
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Biomarkers, Tumor / metabolism
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Breast Neoplasms / genetics*
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Breast Neoplasms / metabolism*
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Breast Neoplasms / pathology
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Estrogen Receptor alpha / biosynthesis*
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Estrogen Receptor alpha / genetics
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Female
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Genes, erbB-2
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Genetic Predisposition to Disease
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Humans
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Immunohistochemistry
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Receptor, ErbB-2 / biosynthesis*
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Receptor, ErbB-2 / genetics
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Receptors, Progesterone / biosynthesis
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Receptors, Progesterone / genetics
Substances
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Biomarkers, Tumor
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Estrogen Receptor alpha
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Receptors, Progesterone
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ERBB2 protein, human
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Receptor, ErbB-2