Bacterial biofilm formation versus mammalian cell growth on titanium-based mono- and bi-functional coating

Eur Cell Mater. 2010 May 13:19:205-13. doi: 10.22203/ecm.v019a20.

Abstract

Biomaterials-associated-infections (BAI) are serious complications in modern medicine. Although non-adhesive coatings, like polymer-brush coatings, have been shown to prevent bacterial adhesion, they do not support cell growth. Bi-functional coatings are supposed to prevent biofilm formation while supporting tissue integration. Here, bacterial and cellular responses to poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) brush-coatings on titanium oxide presenting the integrin-active peptide RGD (arginine-glycine-aspartic acid) (bioactive "PEG-RGD") were compared to mono-functional PEG brush-coatings (biopassive "PEG") and bare titanium oxide (TiO2) surfaces under flow. Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 35983 was deposited on the surfaces under a shear rate of 11 s-1 for 2 h followed by seeding of U2OS osteoblasts. Subsequently, both S. epidermidis and U2OS cells were grown simultaneously on the surfaces for 48 h under low shear (0.14 s-1). After 2 h, staphylococcal adhesion was reduced to 3.6-/+1.8 x 103 and 6.0-/+3.9 x 103 cm-2 on PEG and PEG-RGD coatings respectively, compared to 1.3-/+0.4 x 105 cm-2 for the TiO2 surface. When allowed to grow for 48 h, biofilms formed on all surfaces. However, biofilms detached from the PEG and PEG-RGD coatings when exposed to an elevated shear (5.6 s-1) U2OS cells neither adhered nor spread on PEG brush-coatings, regardless of the presence of biofilm. In contrast, in the presence of biofilm, U2OS cells adhered and spread on PEG-RGD coatings with a significantly higher surface coverage than on bare TiO2. The detachment of biofilm and the high cell surface coverage revealed the potential significance of PEG-RGD coatings in the context of the "race for the surface" between bacteria and mammalian cells.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Bacterial Adhesion
  • Biofilms / growth & development*
  • Cell Adhesion
  • Cell Proliferation*
  • Coated Materials, Biocompatible / chemistry*
  • Coated Materials, Biocompatible / therapeutic use
  • Infection Control
  • Materials Testing
  • Oligopeptides
  • Osteoblasts / cytology*
  • Polyethylene Glycols / pharmacology
  • Polyethylene Glycols / therapeutic use
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis / drug effects
  • Staphylococcus epidermidis / growth & development
  • Tissue Engineering / methods*
  • Titanium / pharmacology*
  • Titanium / therapeutic use

Substances

  • Coated Materials, Biocompatible
  • Oligopeptides
  • titanium dioxide
  • Polyethylene Glycols
  • arginyl-glycyl-aspartic acid
  • Titanium