Purpose: To compare macular pigment optical density (MPOD) in type 2 diabetic and nondiabetic patients by using dual-wavelength autofluorescence imaging and to investigate the correlation of MPOD with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) and serum lipid levels.
Methods: Forty-three patients were divided into groups 1 (controls, n = 14), 2 (diabetic without retinopathy, n = 17), and 3 (diabetic with mild nonproliferative retinopathy, n = 12). MPOD was measured with a modified confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope and compared among groups (analysis of variance). The correlation of HbA1C and serum lipid (HDL, LDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides) levels with MPOD was determined for each group (linear regression analysis).
Results: Mean ± SD ages in groups 1 (56.2 ± 11.7 years), 2 (58.6 ± 11.5 years), and 3 (62.8 ± 9.8 years) were similar (P = 0.324). Mean MPOD averaged in a 2°-diameter circle around the fovea was significantly different between the three groups: 1, (0.29 ± 0.07 density units [DU]), 2 (0.22 ± 0.09 DU), and 3 (0.14 ± 0.05 DU) (P < 0.001). There was a significant difference in mean MPOD levels at 0.5° between groups 1 (0.51 ± 0.12 DU) and 2 (0.24 ± 0.11 DU; P < 0.001), but not between groups 2 and 3 (0.33 ± 0.15 DU; P > 0.05). A significant inverse correlation was observed between HbA1C levels and mean MPOD, averaged at 2° around the fovea in all patients (r = -0.63, P < 0.001). No significant correlations were found between MPOD and serum lipid levels or age.
Conclusions: Type 2 diabetic patients, with or without retinopathy, had reduced MPOD when compared with that in nondiabetic patients. In addition, a significant inverse correlation between MPOD and HbA1C levels was observed.