Intestinal microflora analysis was performed on 52 healthy elderly subjects of different ages and in different regions in Bama County, Guangxi, China. The participants were assigned to three groups depending on their age and location: longevous (group M; mean age = 98 years; n = 21); rural younger elderly (group S; mean age = 70 years; n = 18); and urban elderly (group C; mean age = 82 years; n = 13). Ten groups of bacteria were quantified using real-time PCR. Age-related differences were observed in the number of Clostridium coccoides-Eubacterium rectale--there were more in longevous participants. Region affected the numbers of Bacteroides--Prevotella and Clostridium perfringens subgroup, and longevous participants had significantly more of the two bacterial groups than urban elderly participants. Region-related effects were also observed for the relative abundance of E. coli, and rural elderly participants had a lower proportion. Both age and regional effects were observed in the amount of total bacteria, and longevous participants had higher numbers than urban elderly participants. A significantly higher proportion of lactobacilli was observed in rural younger elderly participants than urban elderly participants, but independent age or regional effects did not contribute to this difference. This study suggests that age and region can affect the intestinal microflora of elderly people.