Aims: The purpose of this study was to evaluate adherence to national guidelines on the non-pharmacologic (ablative) treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF).
Methods and results: This prospective, observational, transversal study enrolled 1256 consecutive in- and outpatients referred to 43 cardiology departments between 1 and 31 October 2008 for the management of AF as a primary diagnosis. A rhythm-control strategy (cardioversion, antiarrhythmic medication, pace-maker implantation, substrate ablation, alone or in combination) was prescribed in 865 (69%) of the patients and a rate-control strategy [drugs, atrioventricular junction ablation and pace-maker implantation (Ablate and Pace)] in 285 (23%). Specifically, substrate catheter ablation was indicated by the attending cardiologist in 187 (14.9%) patients and Ablate and Pace in 29 (2.3%). According to guideline indications, substrate catheter ablation would have been indicated in 183 (14.6%) patients, but only 105 (57%) of these were correctly identified by the attending cardiologist (K statistics for agreement for indications 0.49). Atrioventricular junction ablation and pace-maker implantation would have been indicated in 108 (8.6%) patients, but only 29 (27%) of these were correctly identified by the attending cardiologist (K statistics for agreement for indications 0.06).
Conclusion: About a quarter of patients referred to cardiology departments for AF management have potential indications for non-pharmacological treatment according to the guidelines. Substrate catheter ablation was offered by the attending cardiologist in a percentage similar to that expected, but concordance with guideline indications was moderate. Atrioventricular junction ablation and pace-maker implantation was largely underused.