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Comparative Study
. 2010 Jun 17;5(6):e11164.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011164.

The phosphatomes of the multicellular myxobacteria Myxococcus xanthus and Sorangium cellulosum in comparison with other prokaryotic genomes

Anke Treuner-Lange  1
Affiliations
Comparative Study

The phosphatomes of the multicellular myxobacteria Myxococcus xanthus and Sorangium cellulosum in comparison with other prokaryotic genomes

Anke Treuner-Lange. PLoS One. .

Abstract

Background: Analysis of the complete genomes from the multicellular myxobacteria Myxococcus xanthus and Sorangium cellulosum identified the highest number of eukaryotic-like protein kinases (ELKs) compared to all other genomes analyzed. High numbers of protein phosphatases (PPs) could therefore be anticipated, as reversible protein phosphorylation is a major regulation mechanism of fundamental biological processes.

Methodology: Here we report an intensive analysis of the phosphatomes of M. xanthus and S. cellulosum in which we constructed phylogenetic trees to position these sequences relative to PPs from other prokaryotic organisms.

Principal findings: PREDOMINANT OBSERVATIONS WERE: (i) M. xanthus and S. cellulosum possess predominantly Ser/Thr PPs; (ii) S. cellulosum encodes the highest number of PP2c-type phosphatases so far reported for a prokaryotic organism; (iii) in contrast to M. xanthus only S. cellulosum encodes high numbers of SpoIIE-like PPs; (iv) there is a significant lack of synteny among M. xanthus and S. cellulosum, and (v) the degree of co-organization between kinase and phosphatase genes is extremely low in these myxobacterial genomes.

Conclusions: We conclude that there has been a greater expansion of ELKs than PPs in multicellular myxobacteria.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The author has declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. The PP2c-type PPs derived bootstrapped tree (1000 replicates).
Numbers of proteins in the three myxobacterial species as well as in other phyla are given in the colored boxes. The same color code was used to label the sequences within the tree. Only bootstrap values of 50% and above are shown.
Figure 2
Figure 2. The SpoIIE-like PPs derived bootstrapped tree (1000 replicates).
Numbers of proteins in the three myxobacterial species as well as in other phyla are given in the colored boxes. The same color code was used to label the sequences within the tree. Only bootstrap values of 50% and above are shown. The + indicates the proteins to be part of a putative RsbRST cluster, the # indicates and ELK-encoding genes in the genetic neighborhood (max. 5 gene distance).
Figure 3
Figure 3. Comparison of the signature sequence of PPMs , with those found in the myxobacterial PP2C-type and SpoIIE-like PPs.
The single-letter amino acid code is used.
Figure 4
Figure 4. The myxobacterial PPP derived bootstrapped tree (1000 replicates).
Only bootstrap values of 50% and above are shown. Next to the tree an alignment is shown in the areas of the GDXXDRG motif and the newly indentified (I/L/V)D(S/T)G motif . The star (*) labels those sequences which match 100% with the consensus.
Figure 5
Figure 5. The PTP (only COG2453) derived bootstrapped tree (1000 replicates).
Numbers of proteins in the three myxobacterial species as well as in other phyla are given in the colored boxes. The same color code was used to label the sequences within the tree. Only bootstrap values of 50% and above are shown.
Figure 6
Figure 6. The only examples of local synteny within the PP-encoding genes are among PP2c-type encoding genes from M. xanthus and A. dehalogenans.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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