We evaluated the FDA-approved Roche Cobas AmpliPrep/Cobas TaqMan (CAP/CTM) HIV-1 viral load assay for sensitivity, reproducibility, linearity, HIV-1 subtype detection, and correlation to the Roche Amplicor HIV-1 monitor test, version 1.5 (Amplicor). The limit of detection calculated by probit analysis was 23.8 copies/ml using the 2nd International WHO Standard and 30.8 copies/ml using Viral Quality Assurance (VQA) standard material. Serial dilutions of six patient samples were used to determine inter- and intra-assay reproducibility and linearity, which were very good (<8% coefficient of variation [CV]; between approximately 1.7 and 7.0 log(10) copies/ml). Subtype detection was evaluated in the CAP/CTM, Amplicor, and Bayer Versant HIV-1 bDNA 3.0 (Versant) assays using a commercially available panel. Versant averaged 0.829 log(10) copies/ml lower than CAP/CTM and Amplicor averaged 0.427 log(10) copies/ml lower than CAP/CTM for the subtype panel. Correlation with samples previously tested by Amplicor was excellent (R(2) = 0.884; average difference [Amplicor value minus CAP/CTM value], 0.008 log(10) copies/ml). Of the 305 HIV samples tested, 7 samples generated CAP/CTM titers between 1.0 and 2.75 log(10) copies/ml lower than those for Amplicor. Three of these samples revealed primer and probe mismatches that could account for the discrepancies. Otherwise, the CAP/CTM assay exhibits excellent sensitivity, dynamic range, reproducibility, and correlation with Amplicor in an automated format.