Evisceration and enucleation are delicate procedures that result in psychological trauma and physical disability. The preparation is as important as the surgery itself to assure that the patient will return to a productive life. The procedure must be performed in a way to provide the best conditions for a perfect prosthesis, which should look similar to the fellow eye, follow its movements, be comfortable and aesthetically pleasing. Indications and contra-indications, surgical techniques, pre- and post-operative care and complications are discussed in this paper.