Every year one fourth of the young Danish population is tested for urogenital Chlamydia trachomatis--mostly as part of opportunistic testing. The rationale is that asymptomatic infections may reduce reproductive capacity in women and that screening may reduce the burden of disease in the population. Systematic reviews documented lack of conclusive evidence for reproductive complications after asymptomatic infections and lack of evidence concerning the effect of screening on long-term sequelae. Routine opportunistic testing should be replaced by research protocols aiming to evaluate the effect of such interventions.