Background: The occurrence of a psoas abscess after a spontaneous vaginal delivery is a rare postpartum complication with a significant mortality risk.
Case: A 17-year-old primiparous patient presented 3 weeks after an uncomplicated spontaneous vaginal delivery with fever refractory to antibiotics. Imaging revealed the patient to have a 4x4-cm abscess of the right iliopsoas muscle. The patient underwent drainage of the abscess along with the administration of intravenous antibiotics.
Conclusion: Prompt recognition of and subsequent effective treatment for a psoas abscess are crucial to avoid potential long-term morbidity and even mortality.