Rational design of acridine-based ligands with selectivity for human telomeric quadruplexes

J Am Chem Soc. 2010 Sep 8;132(35):12263-72. doi: 10.1021/ja1003944.

Abstract

Structure-based modeling methods have been used to design a series of disubstituted triazole-linked acridine compounds with selectivity for human telomeric quadruplex DNAs. A focused library of these compounds was prepared using click chemistry and the selectivity concept was validated against two promoter quadruplexes from the c-kit gene with known molecular structures, as well as with duplex DNA using a FRET-based melting method. Lead compounds were found to have reduced effects on the thermal stability of the c-kit quadruplexes and duplex DNA structures. These effects were further explored with a series of competition experiments, which confirmed that binding to duplex DNA is very low even at high duplex:telomeric quadruplex ratios. Selectivity to the c-kit quadruplexes is more complex, with some evidence of their stabilization at increasing excess over human telomeric quadruplex DNA. Selectivity is a result of the dimensions of the triazole-acridine compounds, and in particular the separation of the two alkyl-amino terminal groups. Both lead compounds also have selective inhibitory effects on the proliferation of cancer cell lines compared to a normal cell line, and one has been shown to inhibit the activity of the telomerase enzyme, which is selectively expressed in tumor cells, where it plays a role in maintaining telomere integrity and cellular immortalization.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acridines / chemical synthesis
  • Acridines / chemistry
  • Acridines / pharmacology*
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Antineoplastic Agents / chemistry
  • Antineoplastic Agents / pharmacology*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cell Proliferation / drug effects
  • DNA / drug effects
  • Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / chemical synthesis
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Fibroblasts / drug effects
  • G-Quadruplexes / drug effects*
  • Humans
  • Ligands
  • Models, Molecular
  • Molecular Structure
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / chemistry*
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit / genetics
  • Stereoisomerism
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Telomerase / antagonists & inhibitors
  • Telomere / chemistry
  • Telomere / drug effects
  • Triazoles / chemistry

Substances

  • Acridines
  • Antineoplastic Agents
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Ligands
  • Triazoles
  • DNA
  • calf thymus DNA
  • Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit
  • TERT protein, human
  • Telomerase