Effects of dodecanol on the adsorption kinetics of SDS at the water-hexane interface

Abstract

Even though sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) is the most frequently studied surfactant, its properties at liquid interfaces are not easily accessible. This is mainly caused by the fact that in aqueous solution SDS is subject to hydrolysis, by which the homologous dodecanol (C12OH) is formed. Due to its enormously high surface activity it competes with SDS at the interface. We demonstrate here that this "natural" impurity C12OH does not remarkably affect the adsorption dynamics of SDS at the water/hexane interface, due to its high solubility in hexane. Therefore, the dynamic adsorption properties can be determined independent of disturbing dodecanol effects. The surfactant adsorbs diffusion controlled and the interfacial tension isotherm at the water/hexane interface is well described by a Frumkin model. However complementary experiments via direct admixture of dodecanol in hexane indicate a significant decrease in interfacial tension of the water-hexane interface at concentrations higher than 10(-3) mol/l in hexane. This condition may happen when the oil phase is distributed as small droplets in a high concentrated solution of SDS. The distribution coefficient of C12OH between water and hexane is estimated from adsorption experiments to be K(p)=c(o)/c(w)=6.7×10(3).