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. 2011 May;70(5):818-22.
doi: 10.1136/ard.2010.128660. Epub 2010 Sep 10.

The appropriate use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatic disease: opinions of a multidisciplinary European expert panel

Gerd Burmester  1 , Angel Lanas, Luigi Biasucci, Matthias Hermann, Stefan Lohmander, Ignazio Olivieri, Carmelo Scarpignato, Josef Smolen, Chris Hawkey, Adam Bajkowski, Francis Berenbaum, Ferdinand Breedveld, Peter Dieleman, Maxime Dougados, Thomas MacDonald, Emilio Martin Mola, Tony Mets, Nele Van den Noortgate, Herman Stoevelaar
Affiliations

The appropriate use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in rheumatic disease: opinions of a multidisciplinary European expert panel

Gerd Burmester et al. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011 May.

Abstract

Introduction: Given the safety issues of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) and the robustness of guidelines, making treatment choices in daily clinical practice is increasingly difficult. This study aimed systematically to analyse the opinions of a multidisciplinary European expert panel on the appropriateness of different NSAID, with or without the use of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI), in individual patients with chronic rheumatic disease.

Methods: /Using the Research and Development/University of California at Los Angeles appropriateness method, the appropriateness of five (non-)selective NSAID with or without a PPI was assessed for 144 hypothetical patient profiles, ie, unique combinations of cardiovascular and gastrointestinal risk factors. Appropriateness statements were calculated for all indications.

Results: All options without PPI were considered appropriate in patients with no gastrointestinal/cardiovascular risk factors. Cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitors (C2SI) alone and non-selective NSAID plus PPI were preferred for patients with elevated gastrointestinal risk and low cardiovascular risk. Naproxen plus PPI was favoured in patients with high cardiovascular risk. For the combination of high gastrointestinal/high cardiovascular risk the use of any NSAID was discouraged; if needed, naproxen plus PPI or a C2SI plus PPI could be considered.

Discussion: The panel results may support treatment considerations at the level of individual patients, according to their gastrointestinal/cardiovascular risk profile.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests Panel members received honoraria from Pfizer for the rating activities and their participation in the panel meetings. GB has received fees for clinical trials from Pfizer and is a member of advisory boards and speakers bureau of Pfizer Germany and MSD Germany. AL has participated as a member of the steering committee of the CONDOR trial and as a speaker in symposiums sponsored by Pfizer. AL has also been advisor to AstraZeneca. LB has received fees for speeches and consultancy from Pfizer, Siemens diagnostic, Sanofi-Aventis and Merck. LB has also received a grant from Sanofi-Aventis. MH has received speaking fees from Pfizer and Novartis. SL has received honoraria as a member of advisory boards to Abbott, Boehringer, MerckSerono, NicOx, Pfizer, Sanofi-Aventis. IO received consulting fees, speaking fees and/or honoraria from Schering-Plough, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Pfizer-Wyett, Abbott, Merck Pharmaceutical, Novartis, Sanofi-Aventis and Roche. CS is on the speakers bureau of Pfizer, AstraZeneca and SIDEM Pharma. His laboratory has received research grants from Pfizer. JS has received honoraria for advisory board activities from Pfizer and Novartis. HS has received honoraria from Pfizer for advice to the design of the study and data analysis. TMM has received research grants from Novartis, Pfi zer, Ipsen & Menarini; principal investigator for Pfi zer, Novartis, Ipsen & Menarini; received consulting or speakers fees from Pfi zer, Novartis, Kaiser Permanente, Takeda, Recordati, Servier, Menarini, NiCox & AstraZeneca. CJH received research funding and/or honoraria from AstraZeneca, Atlantic Pharmaceuticals, Bayer, Logical Therapeutics, Novartis Pharma, Pfi zer and Reckitt Benckiser. FB received speaker honoraria from Abbott Laboratories. TM, PD, FB, EMM, AB, MD, NVDN: none apart from the general statement in the article: “Panel members received honoraria from Pfi zer for the rating activities and their participation in the panel meetings.”

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Global pattern of appropriate treatments in relation to gastrointestinal (GI) and cardiovascular (CV) risk levels. C2SI, cyclooxygenase-2 selective inhibitor; NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.
Figure 2
Figure 2
User interface of the electronic tool. NSAID, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug; PPI, proton pump inhibitor.
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