The management of malignant melanomas of the posterior uvea recently has become a topic of great controversy. The traditional treatment by enucleation of the tumor-containing eye has recently been challenged by a number of authorities, and clinicians more frequently are using alternative methods of management when possible. Current management can range from periodic observation and fundus photography of selected small lesions that appear dormant, to photocoagulation, radiotherapy, or local resection in the case of growing tumors in eyes with useful or salvageable vision. In cases where the tumor is far advanced and there is no hope of useful vision, enucleation is often inevitable. The choice of therapy is a complex issue and each case must be individualized. In selecting a therapeutic approach certain factors must be carefully weighed. These include the size of the melanoma, its extent and location, its apparent activity, the condition of the opposite eye and the age, general health, and psychological status of the patient. Based on personal experience with approximately 3000 cases, the authors discuss their current indications for the various therapeutic techniques for posterior uvea melanomas.