Spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP) has been shown to generate a synaptic weight structure that is determined by the timing of the pre- and postsynaptic spikes at the synapse. In this paper it is shown under what conditions a neuron stimulated by several pools of delta-correlated inputs encodes this input structure in its resulting weight structure. The analysis is carried out using Poisson neurons with weight-dependent STDP. The learning dynamics induced by STDP leads to both stabilization of the input weights and competition between the weights for a broad range of learning parameters. The results demonstrate how weight-dependent STDP can generate multimodal stable asymptotic distributions of the synaptic weights.